Hoplon InfoSec
27 Mar, 2025
In recent weeks, cybersecurity experts have been sounding the alarm over a new botnet known as GorillaBot. This formidable malware, built on the notorious Mirai botnet framework, has already orchestrated over 300,000 attack commands across more than 100 countries in just three weeks. Its emergence marks a significant evolution in cybercriminal tactics, combining traditional botnet techniques with advanced encryption and evasion strategies.
In this article, we delve into the origins, operational mechanics, and sophisticated features of GorillaBot. We also discuss why this botnet poses a major threat to various industries—from telecommunications and finance to education—and outline actionable strategies to help organizations and cybersecurity professionals defend against such threats.
GorillaBot has quickly gained notoriety among cybersecurity researchers due to its rapid spread and the sophistication of its design. The NSFOCUS Global Threat Hunting team discovered its operations between September 4 and September 27. During this period, GorillaBot managed to launch a massive wave of attack commands, demonstrating not only the botnet’s scale but also its ability to penetrate diverse industry sectors.
Unlike its predecessor, the Mirai botnet, GorillaBot has been engineered to be much more resilient. By integrating custom encryption algorithms and robust anti-debugging measures, the malware has become significantly harder to detect and analyze. This enhanced ability to evade traditional security mechanisms has led to urgent calls within the cybersecurity community for more proactive and innovative countermeasures.
GorillaBot is built on the infamous Mirai botnet framework, which was originally designed to hijack vulnerable Internet of Things (IoT) devices. However, GorillaBot’s developers have taken the foundation of Mirai and added layers of sophistication to create a new, more evasive malware. Here are some of the core technological enhancements:
At the heart of GorillaBot’s communication strategy is an encryption method that bears similarity to the XTEA cipher. This custom encryption is used to secure the data transmitted between compromised devices and the botnet’s command-and-control (C2) servers. By encrypting communications, the attackers ensure that their instructions remain hidden from standard network monitoring tools. This level of encryption also complicates efforts to analyze the botnet’s activity in real-time.
One of the most challenging aspects of analyzing GorillaBot is its ability to detect when it is being observed in a virtualized or containerized environment. The malware performs several checks for system-level artifacts—such as examining the /proc file system—to confirm that it is running on a physical, legitimate machine. It even looks for specific Kubernetes indicators like “kubepods” in /proc/1/cgroup files. If these indicators are found, GorillaBot will terminate its operations immediately, effectively evading researchers’ attempts to study its behavior.
In addition, the malware inspects the TracerPid field within /proc/self/status to detect active debugging tools. If any signs of debugging are discovered, the malware exits without executing its payload. These evasive measures ensure that GorillaBot remains hidden, even when researchers use sophisticated tools like ANY.RUN’s interactive sandbox to analyze malware behavior.
Understanding the operational flow of GorillaBot provides critical insights into how this malware can inflict damage on a global scale. The following sections detail the step-by-step process by which GorillaBot infiltrates systems and carries out its attack commands.
GorillaBot begins its operation by targeting vulnerable devices, primarily those connected to the Internet of Things. IoT devices, which often have weak security configurations, serve as ideal targets for malware. Once a device is compromised, GorillaBot installs itself and initiates communication with its C2 server. This process transforms everyday devices into remote tools that can be used to launch distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and other malicious activities.
After infection, the compromised device establishes a connection with the C2 server using raw TCP sockets. This connection is fortified by a custom XTEA-like cipher that encrypts all data exchanged between the bot and the server. The use of such encryption is a deliberate attempt to shield the botnet’s activities from standard monitoring techniques and to prevent unauthorized access to its internal communications.
Moreover, GorillaBot employs an advanced authentication mechanism. Each infected device generates a unique SHA-256-based token, ensuring that only verified bots can communicate with the C2 infrastructure. This step is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the botnet, as it prevents external entities from hijacking or interfering with the communication channel.
Once the device has been authenticated and a secure channel is established, GorillaBot waits for encoded attack commands from the C2 server. These commands are transmitted in an encrypted form, and upon receipt, they are decrypted and parsed for execution. The commands can range from initiating DDoS attacks to carrying out more complex, targeted operations against specific networks or systems.
The ability to process both simple and complex instructions means that GorillaBot can adapt to various attack scenarios, thereby increasing its potential for disruption and damage. Its operational flexibility has drawn comparisons to the original Mirai botnet, but with added layers of sophistication that make it a more formidable threat in today’s cyber landscape.
As the threat posed by GorillaBot becomes more apparent, cybersecurity experts emphasize the need for robust and proactive defense strategies. Organizations must adopt a multi-layered approach to secure their digital infrastructure against such sophisticated malware.
One of the most effective strategies to combat malware, such as GorillaBot, is to patch vulnerabilities in IoT devices and other connected systems regularly. Cyber attackers often exploit outdated software or misconfigured systems to gain unauthorized access. By maintaining an up-to-date inventory of all connected devices and applying timely security patches, organizations can significantly reduce their attack surface.
Deploying advanced intrusion detection systems (IDS) is another critical measure. These systems are designed to identify anomalous behavior and encrypted command-and-control communications that are typical of modern malware. By monitoring network traffic and employing machine learning algorithms, IDS can provide early warnings of potential intrusions, allowing security teams to take swift remedial action.
Tools such as ANY.RUN offers a real-time, interactive sandbox environment for analyzing malware behavior. By isolating the malware in a controlled setting, security analysts can observe its actions without risking exposure to the broader network. This hands-on approach not only aids in understanding the tactics and techniques used by malware like GorillaBot but also assists in the development of targeted countermeasures.
GorillaBot is more than just another iteration of a botnet—it represents a significant leap forward in malware sophistication. The urgency to adopt proactive defense measures, such as regular patching, advanced intrusion detection systems, and sandboxing tools, has never been greater.
As cybercriminals continue to push the boundaries of what is possible, the cybersecurity community must respond with innovative solutions and coordinated efforts. Only by combining advanced technology, rigorous security protocols, and a global collaborative spirit can we mitigate the risks posed by threats like GorillaBot.
Sources: Cybersecurity News
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